Jeden z czytelników bloga zwrócił się do mnie z pytaniem:
Czy w okresie epidemii aktualny pozostaje zapis umowy gwarantujący firmie leśnej realizację co najmniej 70% jej wartości?
Odpowiedź jest dość zwięzła:
Tak, taki zapis pozostaje aktualny.
Innymi słowy, wprowadzenie stanu epidemii automatycznie nie anuluje obowiązku polegającego na zapewnieniu wykonawcy minimalnego zakresu zleceń. Powiem więcej, w czasach zawieruchy gwarantowana wartość umowy to jeden z niewielu wentyli bezpieczeństwa po stronie ZUL-i.
Nadleśnictwo naruszy umowę jeżeli uniemożliwi zafakturowanie wskazanej części prac. Wykonawca będzie mógł domagać się zwrócenia mu zysków (przychody minus koszty), które osiągnąłby, gdyby 70% robót zostało mu zapewnionych.
***
Gdyby jednak wszystkie wątpliwości prawne rozstrzygały się tak krótkimi wyjaśnieniami, my adwokaci nie mielibyśmy nic do roboty. Do tej beczki miodu dołóżmy zatem łyżkę dziegciu.
Wyobrażam sobie sytuację, że Nadleśnictwo twierdzi, iż koronawirus, jako zdarzenie nieprzewidziane, niezależne i zewnętrzne, uniemożliwił mu zlecenie 70%. Innymi słowy, zamawiający próbuje przekonać, że mamy do czynienia ze stanem szczególnym (siłą wyższą), który zwalnia go z odpowiedzialności i powoduje, że gwarantowana wartość umowy przestaje obowiązywać.
Problem jednak polega na tym, iż związek pomiędzy epidemią o niewykonaniem umowy Nadleśnictwo będzie musiało rzetelnie i przekonująco udowodnić. Zadanie polega na wykazaniu, iż epidemia była wyłączną przyczyną braku odpowiedniej liczby zleceń.
Nie wiem, jak będzie wyglądała sytuacja do końca roku, ale na dzień dzisiejszy możliwość przeprowadzenia takich dowodów uważam za mało prawdopodobną. Dla przykładu: jak zamawiający wytłumaczy się z faktu, że zaniechał obniżenia ceny surowca i dlatego nie pozyskał kontrahentów, którzy byli wszakże gotowi kupić drewno, ale taniej? Czy będzie w stanie przekonać sąd, że bezwzględnym warunkiem wystawienia zlecenia na pozyskanie jest istnienie zbytu (czyli, że nie mógł zmagazynować choćby części stosów)?
Przed tego typu pytaniami stanie Nadleśnictwo, jeżeli zdecyduje się uchybić obowiązkowi 70%. Nie zazdroszczę…
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