W tej sprawie było tak, jak bywa w wielu innych. Dzwoni klient i mówi:
„Panie Łukaszu, przegrałem przetarg. Chcę sprawdzić, czy oferta konkurencji jest na pewno zgodna z prawem”.
Na pierwszy rzut oka wszystko wydawało się w porządku. Zwycięska oferta podpisana, przerób zgodny z SIWZ, pozostały potencjał wykazany prawidłowo, w kosztorysie brak błędów itp.
Na naszą dodatkową prośbę zamawiający przesłał skan gwarancji wadialnej. I to był strzał w dziesiątkę. Okazało się bowiem, że gwarancja nie spełnia podstawowego wymogu SIWZ.
Do czego służy gwarancja wadialna
Zgodnie z postanowieniami każdej specyfikacji, wykonawca, składając ofertę, wyraża zgodę na związanie jej treścią przez określony czas. To absolutnie kluczowe wymaganie. Gwarantuje ono bowiem, że wybór oferty będzie oznaczał obowiązek zawarcia umowy. Oferta, co do której czas związania minął, nie daje zamawiającemu tej pewności – wykonawca mógłby po prostu wykpić się od zamówienia.
Jak dobrze wiesz, finansowym zapewnieniem związania ofertą jest wadium. Mechanizm jest prosty – odmowa podpisania umowy równa jest zatrzymaniu wadium. Zamawiający musi mieć zatem pewność, że potencjalne prawo do takiego zatrzymania posiada, aby w ten sposób choć w części zabezpieczyć swój finansowy interes.
Wniosek z tego taki, iż jako oferent musisz zamawiającemu zagwarantować:
- żądany czas związania ofertą – ten z automatu wynika z SIWZ,
- wadium na cały czas związania ofertą.
Skutki wadliwej gwarancji wadialnej
W sprawie, o której wspomniałem na wstępie okazało się, że gwarancja wadialna obowiązywała przez czas o wiele krótszy niż termin związania ofertą. Była po prostu sporządzona nie tak, jak wymagała tego specyfikacja. W rezultacie oferta nie została w dostateczny sposób zabezpieczona, co powodowało jej nieważność już w chwili złożenia (ten problem nie mógłby dotyczyć oczywiście wadium wpłaconego w gotówce).
Poszkodowany oferent w pełni zaufał instytucji finansowej i przed złożeniem oferty nie sprawdził, czy otrzymana gwarancja jest zgodna z treścią SIWZ. To był niewybaczalny błąd.
Zamawiający zarzuty w powyższym zakresie uwzględnił wręcz automatycznie, co spowodowało odrzucenie oferty.
***
Z galerii Żony adwokata…
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